НИКОЛА БЕНИН
A. Warfare: General Readings
1. Charles W.C. Oman, The Art of War in the
Middle Ages (Oxford, 1885; revised and edited by John H. Beeler, Cornell
University Press, 1953), chapters 4-6. The traditional classic, if now outdated
in many respects.
2. John U. Nef, War and Human Progress: An Essay
on the Rise of Industrial Civilization (Cambridge, Mass. 1950; revised edn.
1963), Part I (1494-1640), pp. 3-146.
3. Carlo Cipolla, Guns, Sails, and Empires:
Technological Innovation and the Early Phases of European Expansion, 1400-1700
(New York: Minerva Press, 1965). A fascinating and pithy overview.
4. Frederic C. Lane, Venice and History: The
Collected Papers of Frederic C. Lane (Baltimore, 1966): Part Three, 'The Cost
of Protection,' pp. 373-430.
(a) No. 22: 'National Wealth and Protection Costs,'
pp. 373-82. [Reprinted from Jesse Clarkson and Thomas C. Cochran, eds., War as
a Social Institution: The Historian's Perspective (New York, 1941), pp. 32-43.]
(b) No. 23: 'The Economic Meaning of War and
Protection,' pp. 383-98. [Reprinted from The Journal of Social Philosophy and
Jurisprudence, 7 (1942), 254-70.]
(c) No. 24: 'Force and Enterprise in the
Creation of Oceanic Commerce,' pp. 399-411. [Reprinted from The Tasks of
Economic History, supplement to The Journal of Economic History, 10 (1950),
19-31.]
(d) No. 25: 'Economic Consequences of Organized
Violence,' pp. 412-30. [Reprinted from The Journal of Economic History, 18
(1958), 401-17.]
5. Frederic C. Lane, 'Naval Actions and Fleet
Organization, 1499 - 1502,' in Renaissance Venice, ed. J. R. Hale (London:
Faber and Faber, 1973), pp. 146-73, reprinted in Frederic C. Lane, Studies in
Venetian Social and Economic History, ed. Benjamin Kohl and Reinhold Mueller,
Variorum Reprints CS 247 (London: Variorum Reprints, 1987).
6. Richard Bean, 'War and the Birth of the
Nation State,' Journal of Economic History, 33 (1973), 203-31.
7. J.M. Winter, ed., War and Economic
Development: Essays in Memory of David Joslin (Cambridge, 1975).
8. Philippe Contamine, 'Consommation et demande
militaire en France et en Angleterre, XIIIe-XVe siècles,' in Domanda e consumi:
Livelli e strutture, nei secoli XIII-XVIII (Atti della Sesta settimana di
studio, 27 aprile - 3 maggio 1974, Istituto internazionale de storia economica
Francesco Datini Prato (Florence, 1978), pp. 409-28.
9. M. Vale, War and Chivalry (Athens, Ga.,
1981).
10. Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages
(London, 1984). The modern classic. For an extensive bibliography, see chapter
7: 'War, Economy, and Taxation.'
11. B.P. McGuire, War and Peace in the Middle
Ages (Copenhagen, 1987).
12. John A. Lynn, ed., Tools of War:
Instruments, Ideas, and Institutions of Warfare, 1445 - 1871, Urbana:
University of Illinois Press, 1990.
13. Richard W. Kaeuper, War, Justice, and Public
Order: England and France in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford, 1988).
14. James Tracy, ed., The Political Economy of
Merchant Empires: State Power and World Trade, 1350 - 1750 (Cambridge
University Press, 1991).
a) James Tracy, 'Introduction,' pp. 1 - 21.
b) Douglass C. North, 'Institutions, Transaction
Costs, and the Rise of Merchant Empires,' pp. 22 - 40.
c) M. M. Pearson, 'Merchants and States,' pp. 41
- 116.
d) Thomas A. Brady, Jr., 'The Rise of Merchant
Empires, 1400 - 1700: A European Counterpoint,' pp. 117 - 60.
e) Geoffrey Parker, 'Europe and the Wider World,
1500 - 1700: The Military Balance,' pp. 161 - 95.
f) Anne Pérotin-Dumon, 'The Pirate and the
Emperor: Power and the Law on the Seas, 1450 - 1850,' pp. 196 - 227.
g) Russell R. Menard, 'Transport Costs and
Long-Range Trade, 1300 - 1800: Was There a European 'Transport Revolution' in
the Early Modern Era?' pp. 228 - 75.
h) Jacob M. Price, 'Transaction Costs: A Note on
Merchant Credit and the Organization of Private Trade,' pp. 276 - 97.
15. Gary Anderson, Robert Ekelund, Jr., Robert Hebert,
and Robert Tollison, 'An Economic Interpretation of the Medieval Crusades,'
Journal of European Economic History, 21:2 (Fall 1992), 339 - 363.
16. David A. Latzko, 'The Concept of 'Military
Economies of Scale',' Explorations in Economic History, 30:4 (October 1993),
470-84.
17. David Potter, War and Government in the
French Provinces: Picardy, 1470 - 1560 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1993)
18. John H. Munro, 'Patterns of Trade, Money,
and Credit,' in Thomas A. Brady, jr., Heiko O. Oberman, and James D. Tracy,
eds., Handbook of European History, 1400-1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance
and Reformation, Vol. I: Structures and Assertions (Leiden/New York/Cologne:
E.J. Brill, 1994), pp. 147-95.
19. Michael E. Mallett, 'The Art of War,' in
Thomas A. Brady, jr., Heiko O. Oberman, and James D. Tracy, eds., Handbook of
European History, 1400-1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation,
Vol. I: Structures and Assertions (Leiden/New York/Cologne: E.J. Brill, 1994),
pp. 535-62.
20. Jonathan Dewald, The European Nobility, 1400
- 1800 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
21. Michael Prestwich, Armies and Warfare in the
Middle Ages: the English Experience (New Haven and London: Yale University
Press, 1996).
22. Kelly DeVries, Infantry Warfare in the Early
Fourteenth Century: Discipline, Tactics, and Technology, Warfare in History,
vol. 2 (Woodbridge, Suffolk; and Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell and Brewer, 1996).
23. Bert S. Hall, Weapons and Warfare in
Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics (Baltimore and London:
The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).
24. Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The
Fates of Human Societies (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997).
B. Warfare, Government Economic Policies, and
Taxation: General
1. Thomas Wright, ed., The Political Songs of
England (Camden Society, London, 1839).
2. J. F. Willard, 'The Scotch Raids and the Fourteenth-Century
Taxation of Northern England,' University of Colorado Studies, 5 (1907-08),
237-42.
3. J. F. Willard, Parliamentary Taxes on
Personal Property, 1290 - 1334 (Cambridge, Mass. 1934).
4. J.O. Prestwich, 'War and Finance in the
Anglo-Norman State,' Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series,
4 (1954).
5. R. H. Robbins, ed., Historical Poems of the
XIVth and XVth Centuries (New York, 1959).
6. Edward Miller, 'Economic Policies of
Governments: France and England,' Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol.
III: Economic Organization and Policies in the Middle Ages, ed. M. Postan, E.
Rich, E. Miller (Cambridge, 1963), 290-339.
7. J. Favier, Finance et fiscalité au bas moyen
âge (Paris, 1971).
8. John Bell Henneman, Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century
France, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1971-75).
9. Michael Prestwich, War, Politics, and Finance
Under Edward I (London, 1972).
10. Eleanor Searle and R. Burghart, 'The Defense
of England and the Peasants' Revolt,' Viator, 3 (1972), 370-75.
11. G.L. Harriss, King, Parliament, and Public
Finance in Medieval England to 1369 (Oxford, 1975).
12. E.B. Fryde, 'Financial Policies of the Royal
Governments and Popular Resistance to Them in France and England, 1270-1420,'
Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 57 (1979), 824-60. Reprinted in
Reprinted in E. B. Fryde, Studies in Medieval Trade and Finance (London, 1983),
no. I.
13. Michael Prestwich, The Three Edwards: War
and State in England, 1272-1377 (London, 1980).
14. J. F. Hadwin, 'The Medieval Lay Subsidies
and Economic History, ' The Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 36:2 (May 1983),
200-17.
15. W. M. Ormrod, 'The Crown and the English
Economy, 1290 - 1348,' in Bruce M.S. Campbell, ed., Before the Black Death:
Studies in 'Crisis' of the Early Fourteenth Century (Manchester and New York,
Manchester University Press, 1991), pp. 149 - 83.
16. James D. Tracy, 'Taxation and State Debt,'
in Thomas A. Brady, jr., Heiko O. Oberman, and James D. Tracy, eds., Handbook
of European History, 1400-1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation,
Vol. I: Structures and Assertions (Leiden/New York/Cologne: E.J. Brill, 1994),
pp. 563-88.
17. Thomas Ertman, Birth of the Leviathan:
Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Cambridge and
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
C. War, Taxation, and
Economic Crises in Late-Medieval Western Europe, ca. 1290 - ca. 1340:
Harbingers of the 'The Great Depression'?
1. André Sayous, 'Les transferts de risques, les
assocations commerciales, et la lettre de change à Marseille pendant le XIVe
siècle,' Revue historique de droit français et étranger, 4th ser. 14 (1935),
469-94.
2. Edouard Perroy, 'A l'origine d'une économie
contractée: les crises du XIVe siècle,' Annales: E.S.C., 4 (1949), 167-82.
Reissued in English translation as 'At the Origin of a Contracted Economy: The
Crises of the 14th Century,' in Rondo Cameron, ed. Essays in French Economic
History (Homewood, Illinois, 1970), pp. 91-105.
3. J. Scammell, 'Robert I and the North of
England,' The English Historical Review, 73 (1958), 385-403.
4. Jacques Heers, 'Le prix de l'assurance
maritime à la fin du moyen âge,' Revue d'histoire économique et sociale, 37
(1959), 7-19.
5. Edward Miller, War in the North: the
Anglo-Scottish Wars of the Middle Ages (Hull, 1960).
6. E.B. Fryde, 'Financial Resources of Edward I
in the Netherlands, 1294-98: Main Problems and Some Comparisons with Edward III
in 1337-40,' Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 40 (1962), 1168-87.
7. Robert Lopez and Harry Miskimin, 'The
Economic Depression of the Renaissance,' Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 14
(1962), 408-26.
8. Frederic Lane, 'From Biremes to Triremes,'
The Marriner's Mirror, 49 (1963), 48-50, reprinted in Venice and History: The
Collected Papers of Frederic C. Lane (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press,
1966), pp. 189 - 92.
9. Frederic Lane, 'Merchant Galleys, 1300-34:
Private and Communal Operations,' Speculum, 38 (1963), 179-205, reprinted in
Venice and History: The Collected Papers of Frederic C. Lane (Baltimore, 1966),
pp. 193-226.
10 Jacques Heers, L'Occident aux XIV et XVe
siècles: aspects économiques et sociaux (Paris, 1963), chapter II: 'Les
troubles et les difficultés du XIVe siecle,' pp. 86-104.
11. Carlo Cipolla, R.S. Lopez, and H.A.
Miskimin, 'Economic Depression of the Renaissance: Rejoinder and Reply,'
Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 16 (1964), 519-29.
12. H.J. Hewitt, The Organisation of War Under
Edward III (Manchester, 1966).
13. D. Waley, 'The Army of the Florentine
Republic from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Century,' in N. Rubenstein, ed.,
Florentine Studies (London, 1968).
14. Herman Van der Wee and Theo Peeters, 'Un
modèle dynamique de croissance interseculaire du commerce mondial (XIIe-XVIIIe
siècles),' Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations, 25 (1970), 100-28.
15. Douglass North, and Robert P. Thomas, The
Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History (Cambridge: University Press,
1973), pp. 46-89.
16. Richard W. Kaeuper, Bankers to the Crown:
the Riccardi of Lucca and Edward I (Princeton, 1973).
17. Michael Mallet, Mercenaries and Their
Masters: Warfare in Renaissance Italy (Totawa, New Jersey, 1974).
18. J.R. Maddicott, The English Peasantry and the
Demands of the Crown, 1294-1341 (Past and Present Supplement no. 1, Oxford:
1975), 75 pp. Reprinted in T.H. Aston, ed., Landlords, Peasants, and Politics
in Medieval England, Past and Present Publications (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1987), pp. 285-359.
19. Edward Miller, 'War, Taxation, and the
English Economy in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries,' in J.M.
Winter, ed., War and Economic Development: Essays in Memory of David Joslin
(Cambridge, 1975), pp. 11-32.
20. Benjamin Kedar, Merchants in Crisis: Genoese
and Venetian Men of Affairs and the Fourteenth-Century Depression (London and
New Haven, 1976).
21. Joseph R. Strayer, 'The Costs and Profits of
War: The Anglo-French Conflict of 1294-1303,' in H.A. Miskimin, David Herlihy,
A.L. Udovitch, eds., The Medieval City (New Haven and London, 1977), pp.
269-292.
22. A.R. Bridbury, 'Before the Black Death,'
Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 30 (1977), 393-410. An attack on Maddicott
and Miller (1975). Question: do Bridbury's views in this article harmonize in
all respects with those expressed in his earlier articles: 'The Black Death,'
Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 26 (1973), 557-92?
23. G.W.S. Barrow, 'The Aftermath of War:
Scotland and England in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries,'
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, 28 (1978).
24. Joseph Strayer, The Reign of Philip the Fair
(Princeton, 1980), chapters 3 and 5.
25. Henri Bresc, 'Course et piraterie en Sicile
(1250-1450),' Anuario de estudios medievales, 10 (1980), 751.-57.
26. Richard Unger, 'Warships and Cargo Ships in
Medieval Europe,' Technology and Culture, 22 (April 1981), 233-52.
27. Mavis Mate, 'The Impact of War on the
Economy of Canterbury Cathedral Priory, 1294-1340,' Speculum, 58 (1982),
761-78.
28. Douglass North, 'Government and the Cost of
Exchange in History,' Journal of Economic History, 44 (June 1984), 255-64.
29. Douglass North, 'Transaction Costs in
History,' Journal of European Economic History, 14 (Winter 1985), 557-76.
30. A. Tuck, 'War and Society in the Medieval
North,' Northern History, 21 (1985), 33-52.
31. John Day, 'Crisis and Trends in the Later
Middle Ages,' in his The Medieval Market Economy (Oxford: Basil Blackwell,
1987), pp. 185-224.
32. Michael Prestwich, 'War and Taxation in
England in the XIIIth and XIVth Centuries, ' in La genèse de l'état moderne:
prélèvement et redistribution, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique
(Paris, 1987), pp. 181-92.
33. John Pryor, Commerce, Shipping and Naval
Warfare in the Medieval Mediterranean (London: Variorium Reprints, 1987).
34. John Pryor, Georgraphy, Technology, and War:
Studies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean, 649 - 1571, Past and
Present Publications (Cambridge University Press, 1988).
35. Irene Katele, 'Piracy and the Venetian
State: The Dilemma of Maritime Defense in the Fourteenth Century,' Speculum, 63
(Oct. 1988), 865 - 89.
36. Mark Bailey, 'The Concept of the Margin in
the Medieval English Economy,' Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 42 (Feb. 1989),
1 - 17.
37. John H. Munro, 'Industrial Transformations
in the North-west European Textile Trades, c.1290 - c.1340: Economic Progress
or Economic Crisis?', in Bruce M.S. Campbell, ed., Before the Black Death:
Studies in 'Crisis' of the Early Fourteenth Century (Manchester and New York,
Manchester University Press, 1991), pp. 110 - 48.
38. W. M. Ormrod, 'The Crown and the English
Economy, 1290 - 1348,' in Bruce M.S. Campbell, ed., Before the Black Death:
Studies in the 'Crisis' of the Early Fourteenth Century (Manchester and New
York, Manchester University Press, 1991), pp. 149 - 83. A very important
contribution to the debate between Maddicott-Miller and Bridbury, with
significant new financial and other statistical evidence.
39. William H. TeBrake, A Plague of
Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323 - 1328
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993).
40. William Caferro, 'Mercenaries and Military
Expenditure: The Costs of Undeclared Warfare in XIVth Century Siena,' Journal
of European Economic History, 23:2 (Fall 1994), 219-47.
41. Clifford R. Backman, The Decline and Fall of
Medieval Sicily: Politics, Religion and Economy in the Reign of Frederick III,
1296 - 1337 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
42. William Chester Jordan, The Great Famine:
Northern Europe in the Early Fourteenth Century (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1996).
43. Stuart Jenks, 'The Lay Subsidies and the
State of the English Economy, 1275 - 1334,' Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und
Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 85:1 (1998), 1-39.
44. John H. Munro, 'The 'Industrial Crisis' of
the English Textile Towns, c.1290-c.1330,' in Thirteenth Century England, VII,
ed. Michael Prestwich, Richard Britnell, and Rob
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